一段程序看懂比特幣原理
自從比特幣火起來以後,網上對比特幣的解釋可謂汗牛充棟,紛繁複雜。但對於程序員來說,最直接的方式莫過於直接看程序代碼了。嫌比特幣代碼龐雜沒關係,我找到一段簡明扼要的代碼,用來理解比特幣再好不過了。
以下這段程序轉自知乎上Wu Hao的回答。
function mine()
{
while(true)
{
longestChain = getLongestValidChain()
-- A number that changes every time, so that you don't waste
-- time trying to calculate a valid blockHash with the same
-- input.
nonce = getNewNonce()
currentTXs = getUnconfirmedTransactionsFromNetwork()
newBlock = getNewBlock(longestChain, currentTXs, nonce)
-- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-2
-- and this is what all the "mining machines" are doing.
blockHash = sha256(newBlock)
if (meetReqirements(blockHash))
{
broadcast(newBlock)
-- Now the height the block chain is incremented by 1
-- (if the new block is accepted by other peers),
-- and all the TXs in the new block are "confirmed"
}
}
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
function sendBTC(amount)
{
sourceTXs = pickConfirmedTransactionsToBeSpent(amount)
tx = generateTX(sourceTXs, targetAddrs, amount, fee)
signedTx = sign(tx, privateKeysOfAllInputAddress)
broadcast(signedTx)
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
下面是我的解釋:
挖礦過程就是不斷從比特幣網絡中獲取所有未確認交易getUnconfirmedTransactionsFromNetwork()
,把它們打包成一個區塊並掛載目前最長的區塊鏈上getNewBlock(longestChain, currentTXs, nonce)
,然後計算新的區塊的散列值sha256(newBlock)
,如果散列值正好滿足挖礦難度了meetReqirements(blockHash)
,那麼就挖礦成功了。所謂挖礦難度,指的是要求的二進制散列值小於某個閾值,閾值越小,挖礦的難度就越大。
付款過程就是把一些有餘額的已確認交易拿出來作爲發送地址pickConfirmedTransactionsToBeSpent(amount)
,然後根據目標地址支付一定交易費生成新的交易generateTX(sourceTXs, targetAddrs, amount, fee)
,並用錢包私鑰對交易簽名sign(tx, privateKeysOfAllInputAddress)
,然後廣播出去。