一段程序看懂比特币原理
自从比特币火起来以后,网上对比特币的解释可谓汗牛充栋,纷繁复杂。但对于程序员来说,最直接的方式莫过于直接看程序代码了。嫌比特币代码庞杂没关系,我找到一段简明扼要的代码,用来理解比特币再好不过了。
以下这段程序转自知乎上Wu Hao的回答。
function mine()
{
while(true)
{
longestChain = getLongestValidChain()
-- A number that changes every time, so that you don't waste
-- time trying to calculate a valid blockHash with the same
-- input.
nonce = getNewNonce()
currentTXs = getUnconfirmedTransactionsFromNetwork()
newBlock = getNewBlock(longestChain, currentTXs, nonce)
-- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-2
-- and this is what all the "mining machines" are doing.
blockHash = sha256(newBlock)
if (meetReqirements(blockHash))
{
broadcast(newBlock)
-- Now the height the block chain is incremented by 1
-- (if the new block is accepted by other peers),
-- and all the TXs in the new block are "confirmed"
}
}
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
function sendBTC(amount)
{
sourceTXs = pickConfirmedTransactionsToBeSpent(amount)
tx = generateTX(sourceTXs, targetAddrs, amount, fee)
signedTx = sign(tx, privateKeysOfAllInputAddress)
broadcast(signedTx)
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
下面是我的解释:
挖矿过程就是不断从比特币网络中获取所有未确认交易getUnconfirmedTransactionsFromNetwork()
,把它们打包成一个区块并挂载目前最长的区块链上getNewBlock(longestChain, currentTXs, nonce)
,然后计算新的区块的散列值sha256(newBlock)
,如果散列值正好满足挖矿难度了meetReqirements(blockHash)
,那么就挖矿成功了。所谓挖矿难度,指的是要求的二进制散列值小于某个阈值,阈值越小,挖矿的难度就越大。
付款过程就是把一些有余额的已确认交易拿出来作为发送地址pickConfirmedTransactionsToBeSpent(amount)
,然后根据目标地址支付一定交易费生成新的交易generateTX(sourceTXs, targetAddrs, amount, fee)
,并用钱包私钥对交易签名sign(tx, privateKeysOfAllInputAddress)
,然后广播出去。